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Depression and Anxiety

Depression-like paradigms focus on stress coping and reduced motivation. Common tests include the forced swim test and tail suspension test, where increased immobility reflects passive coping. 

Anxiety paradigms assess how animals respond to potential or learned threats. Anxiety-like behavior is commonly measured using tasks such as the elevated plus maze, open-field test, and dark–light box, which rely on approach–avoidance conflict. 

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Behavioral assay used to study rodents’ responses to an inescapable swimming challenge, commonly used to assess responses to stress and the effects of compounds

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Widely used preclinical paradigm for assessing depression‑like behavior as well asscreening antidepressant efficacy in mice.

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Critical tools for quantifying anxiety-related behavior by exploiting the conflict between exploration and fear of open spaces.

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Foundational behavioral paradigm for assessing locomotor activity, exploration, and anxiety-like behavior in rodents.

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Frequently used behavioral assay in behavioral neuroscience to evaluate exploratory behavior, anxiety-like responses, and neophilia in rodents

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Widely used behavioral assay to evaluate anxiety-like behavior in rodents based on the natural aversion to brightly illuminated areas and spontaneous exploratory drive of rodents.

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